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Outdoor Education Research A~Z

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INDEX TO OUTDOOR EDUCATION A~Z Provocative Writing A-Z Outdoor Education Websites and Discussion Lists A-Z  Outdoor Education Annotated Bibliographies A-Z Outdoor Education Articles A-Z  Outdoor Education Journals A-Z Outdoor Education Researchers  Outdoor Education Books and Reviews Search Results at Google Scholar TM How to support this Research Page

Looking for research in the fields of Adventure Education, Outdoor Education, Outdoor Learning, Experiential Education or Friluftsliv? If the research has been indexed or published on the internet this index will help you find it. Do you publish your own research on the web or can send it out as an email attachment? Use the people section below to help you get your own research on the map. Did you know that you can publish your research as an e-book or paperback at dissertation.com? Let us know if you use it! Outdoor education research in languages other than English Some researchers publish their work in two languages. Let's use the internet and its translation services to help each other cross language barriers. Links are welcome to outdoor education research in any language. If you need to translate a research paper, try Google's translation service. 'Dead' links on any page created since 1996 can usually be found by copying and pasting the address into the Wayback Machine at http://www.archive.org Grey links take you to the Wayback Machine.

A-Z of Provocative writing in outdoor education

• Adventure in a Bun Chris Loynes explores how outdoor adventure is adopting marketplace values and 'McDonaldising' the adventure experience. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, v13 n2 p52-57 Sum 1996
• Are the Mountains Still Speaking for Themselves?
  James Neill's collection of writings and handouts explore the issue of 'mountains versus facilitation' first raised by Thomas James in 1980.
• Bare Bones and other writings on adventure education
  by Steve Bowles, Adventure College Tornio. These provocative pieces from 1999 are as challenging as ever.
• Climbing to communicate: An investigation into the experiences of congenitally deafblind adults who have participated in outdoor education
  by Dr. Joseph Gibson (2005) Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Strathclyde.
  
• A Critique of Neo-Hahnian Outdoor Education Theory.
  Part One: Challenges to the Concept of "Character Building." JAEOL 3(1) 29-62
  Part Two: 'The Fundamental Attribution Error' in Contemporary Outdoor Education Discourse JAEOL 3(2)
  by Andrew Brookes (2003) Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning.
• Critiques of David Kolb's theory of experiential learning: 15 critiques of a theory that is often used to explain how people learn from outdoor experience.
  compiled by Roger Greenaway
  
• The Culture of Safety "true safety may lie in breaking the rules" and in "participatory safety"
  an essay by Ron Watters, Idaho State University, 2001
• Disneyland and Disney World: Designing and prescribing the recreational experience.
  by William T. Borrie, School of Forestry, University of Montana in Society and Leisure, 22(1), 71-82.
• The Elephant in the Black Box: A Parable About Outdoor Education
  in which James Neill (1996) offers a challenge to researchers wanting to study the elephant.
• Factors Which Influence the Effects of Outdoor Education Programs
  in which James Neill (2004) reveals his own perspectives on the elephant
• In Search of Respectable Adventure
  Roger Greenaway asks: 'If you take people to the mountains for their 'development' why not use a vehicle for development rather than a vehicle for learning?'
• Questions to Ponder in Outdoor Education 46 study questions - but no answers.
  by Michael Gass
• Ubi-learning: Integrating Indoor and Outdoor Learning Experiences 'Ubiquitous learning' involves computer aided exploration of technologically enhanced woodland - the Ambient Wood. Does this bring together the best of both worlds? What would John Muir say?
  by Yvonne Rogers, Sara Price, Cliff Randell, Danae Stanton Fraser, Mark Weal and Geraldine Fitzpatrick, Communications of the ACM, 48(1):55–59, 2005.
• The Undiscovered Hero: The Journey Of Wilderness Therapy a personal view
  from Michael G. Conner, Psy.D brings back the hero and questions reward systems.
• Vignettes Wilderdom philosophy (simple dwelling in nature) - possibilities for human relationships with nature - musings on nature, education, & self ~ there is plenty here to spark debate and heat up controversy (on 18 topics at the last count).
• Wilderness in the 21st Century: Are there technical solutions to our technical solutions?
  William T. Borrie and Wayne A. Freimund, School of Forestry, University of Montana

A-Z of Websites and Discussion Lists for Outdoor Education Researchers

• Active and Cooperative Learning
  Bibliography of research articles on the web by R. M. Felder and others. Useful links. (Not specifically outdoors: people learn actively and cooperatively indoors too!)
• Adventure and Environmental Awareness Group aims to encourage awareness, understanding and concern for the natural environment amongst those involved with adventure, education and recreation.
• Adventure Recreation/Education/Research Cache Database of abstracts.
• Adventure Therapy - Discussion List (ADVTHE-L)
• AEL: Outdoor & Experiential Education
• American Camping Association (ACA) Research
• Association for Environmental and Outdoor Education
• Association for Experiential Education - Discussion List (AEELIST)
• Association for Experiential Education (AEE) Research Links
• Bradford Papers Online is a peer reviewed journal devoted to scholarly research in the area of outdoor education, adventure education, outdoor recreation and outdoor experiential therapy.
• Bradford Woods Research, Indiana University Research in Camping and Environmental Education
• Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College, Faculty of Leisure & Tourism - High Wycombe, UK
• Camp Research - Discussion List (campresearch)
• Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) - hosts a biennial research symposium.
• Cooperative Learning Center at the University of Minnesota a Research and Training Center focusing on how students should interact with each other as they learn. Indoor research that illuminates a key outdoor theme. Newsletters from 1996. Essays on developments pioneered by the CLC.
• Corporate Adventure Training studies (CAT) 25 studies summarised by Simon Priest
• Discussion Lists in Outdoor Education Research how to join and leave.
• ERIC - Outdoor and Experiential Education Digests - 1500 word research summaries
• ETD Alliance articles, case studies, the DEEP competency document and many other useful resources about experiential training and development (ETD).
• European Institute for Experiential Learning and Outdoor Adventure
• Expeditionary Learning Outward Bound | Evidence of Success | What the Research Shows
  
• Experiential Learning Theory Bibliography compiled by by Alice and David Kolb. 1500+ entries including clickable web links. Updated twice a year.
• Facilitation & Processing in Outdoor Education publications and links
• Focus Adolescent Services - Resource on Outdoor Education
• Georgia State University - Adventure Therapy Web - Research - Lee Gillis
• Harvard Outward Bound Project page http://hugse1.harvard.edu/~elob/hobp.htm
• Idaho State University Outdoor Program - Resources, Proceedings, Papers, Videos & Software
• Improving Evaluation in Experiential Education. ERIC Digest. Publication Date: 1994-11-00 Author: Hendricks, Bruce Source: ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools Charleston WV.
• Indiana University - Research Connections - A periodic research update in the fields of outdoor adventure programming, leadership training, camping education, and outdoor experiential learning.
• James Neill's page (biography and research links)
• Johan Hovelynck's page (biography and research links) University of Leuven
• La Trobe University conference papers from the International Outdoor Education Research Conference, July 6-9, 2004.
• Life Effectiveness Questionnaire Information Page
• National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS)''research that contributes to the preservation of wildlands and the quality of the experiences of the people who visit them'' Reports of Ongoing Research Papers and Abstracts
• North Carolina State University - Outdoor Recreation Research
• OBHRC: Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare Research Cooperative University of Idaho - several articles by Keith Russell and others and a description of the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (Y-OQ)
• Outdoored.com Rick Curtis's comprehensive and stylish outdoor education resource site. Includes over 630 research listings as well as searchable databases for articles, trainings and companies .
• Outdoor Curriculum Discussion List (outcurriculum)
• Outdoor Education Discussion List (OUTDOOR-ED)
• Outdoor Education Research - Roger Greenaway
• Outdoor Education Research & Evaluation Center
• Outdoor, Experiential, and Environmental Education: Converging or Diverging Approaches? ERIC Digest. Adkins, Carol - Simmons, Bora
• Outdoor Industry Research and Information
• Outdoor Research - Discussion List (outres)
• Outward Bound Australia - Theory and Research
• Princeton University - Outdoor Action Academic Research
• Recreation Research - American Recreation Coalition
• Research Connections - A periodic research update in the fields of outdoor adventure programming, leadership training, camping education, and outdoor experiential learning.
• Scholarly Articles Research Alerting part of the Taylor and Francis Website. Academic journals topics include education, youth, philosophy, sociology, geography, the environment
• Scisco Conscientia 1999-2000 - online theory building, research and evaluation journal and Discussion List Scisco has been shut down, but you can view the archives
• Scottish Centre for Research in Education (SCRE) includes
  • Promoting Young People's Wellbeing: A review of research on emotional health
  • The Causes and Effects of Truancy: Review of the Literature
  • Young People's Life-Skills and Work (a study investigating young people's views on key life-skills)
  • Evaluating Youth Work with Vulnerable Young People
• Social Work & Adventure Therapy Publication Links - Christian Itin
• Society of Park & Recreation Educators - Discussion List
• Synchroncity Training and Development Experiential Training and Development by Carol Horner
• Taylor and Francis - academic journals in the fields of education, youth, philosophy, sociology, geography, the environment etc. plus a useful service in the 'Scholarly Articles Research Alerting' section.
• University of Edinburgh Outdoor Education Department shows research and research in progress of staff and students, and has some useful research links.
• University of Idaho Wilderness Research Center
• Wilderdom The thesis page at James Neill's Wilderdom site.
• Wilderness Research
• Wilderness Research Center University of Idaho

A-Z of Annotated Bibliographies, Literature Reviews and Research Summaries in Outdoor Education

• Acclimatization: A Sensory and Conceptual Approach to Ecological Involvement.
  by Steve Van Matre, (1989). An annotated bibliography contains 10 resources for acclimatization programs.
• An Annotated Bibliography [about using...] the Outdoors to Enrich the Curriculum and to Promote More Effective Learning in the Elementary and Secondary Student.
  by Fred Henderson (1986)
• Art & Nature Research: A Bibliography of selected scientific reports on the impact of art & nature in the healthcare environment. (doc file)
  The Sky Factory, L.C. (c. 2003)
• Close to Home; A Review of the Literature on Learning in schoolyards and nearby natural settings, 1980 to the present (pdf file)
  Charles Rop, The Urban Affairs Center, The University of Toledo (2004)
• Corporate Adventure Training: summary of 25 studies carried out during 1989-1997
  by Simon Priest.
  
• Creating Humane Climates Outdoors: A People Skills Primer.
  Knapp, Clifford E.; (1988) Appendices include an annotated bibliography of 33 entries.
• The Human Factor in Ecological Research: An Annotated Bibliography (pdf)
  compiled by Carol Eckhardt
  
• How are Adventure Education Program Outcomes Achieved?: A review of the literature [pdf file: 133kb]
  by Marcia D. McKenzie (2000) Australian Journal of Outdoor Education
• Images of Outdoor Management Development. A Synthesis of the Literature and Participants’ Experiences on Outdoor Courses
  [PhD thesis extracts]
  by Phil Donnison (2000)
• Place-Based Education: An Annotated Bibliography
  by Gretchen Kehrberg (c. 2004)
• A Review of Research on Outdoor Learning
  by Rickinson, M., Dillon, J., Teamey, K., Morris, M., Choi, M, Y., Sanders,D., and Benefield, P. (2004). National Foundation for Educational Research and Kings College. Field Studies Council: ISBN. 1 85153 893 3
• Revisiting the Common Adventure Concept: An Annotated Review of the Literature, Misconceptions and Contemporary Perspectives
  by Ron Watters, Adjunct Faculty, Idaho State University (1999, 2000)
• Studies of the Use of Wilderness for Personal growth, Therapy, Education, and Leadership Development: an Annotation and Evaluation [158 page pdf file]
  by Troy Moore and Keith Russell (2002) University of Idaho Wilderness Research Center [update of 1995 review of the same title]
• Using Environment-Based Education to Advance Learning Skills and Character Development: A Report, Annotated Bibliography, and Research Guide (pdf)
  The North American Association for Environmental Education, The National Environmental Education & Training Foundation (2001).
• Why Adventure? The Role and Value of Outdoor Adventure in young people's personal and social development: A Review of Research
  by Jon Barrett and Roger Greenaway, commissioned by the Foundation for Outdoor Adventure (1995)
• Wild Adventure Space: Scoping research for Natural England (literature review and project review)
  by Catharine Ward Thompson, Penny Travlou, Simon Bell, Alicia Montarzino and Jenny Roe at OPENSpace: the research centre for inclusive access to outdoor environments (2006)
  
• Women's Voices in Experiential Education.
  Warren, Karen, Ed. (1996) which includes an annotated bibliography of Association for Experiential Education publications.
  

Other Bibliographies of Research in Outdoor Education (not annotated)

• Adventure Therapy Bibliography: Peter Weinberg (2000)
• Outdoor Management Development References: Phil Donnison (2000), Roger Greenaway (1995)
  

A-Z of Research Articles, Reports, Abstracts and Dissertations
Individual Outdoor Education Research Articles on the Web

• The Challenges Facing Providers of Outdoor Management Development in Hong Kong [MSc. dissertation: a 2.5mb pdf file]
  by Andrew Brown (2003)
• The Children's Fund: An evaluation of an Outdoor Education Intervention in Birmingham [pdf file, 92 pages] "an evaluation of an outdoor education programme aimed not only at the short-term goal of personal and social development, but also at the longer term aim of addressing social exclusion and reducing problematic behaviour both in and out of school".
  by Dave Hardy, Duncan Martin & Oliver Sampson, (2004)
• Climbing to communicate: An investigation into the experiences of congenitally deafblind adults who have participated in outdoor education
  by Dr. Joseph Gibson (2005) Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Strathclyde.
• The Common Adventure Model of Outdoor Programming: Philosophical Foundations, Definition and the Effect of Filtering
  ''A common adventure trip is two or more individuals working cooperatively for common goals, and sharing expenses, decision making, and responsibilities as equitably as possible.''
  by Ron Watters, Adjunct Faculty, Idaho State University (1999).
• Connections and Disconnections: Examining the reality and rhetoric. International perspectives on outdoor education theory and practice.
  Conference Papers from the International Outdoor Education Research Conference La Trobe University Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, July 6-9 (2004).
• Ethical issues in contemporary human resource development [abstract]
  "Outdoor Management Development (OMD) is one of a number of definitions used to describe developmental activities..."
  by Jean Woodall, Danielle Douglas, Business Ethics: A European Review 8(4) (1999: 249-)
• Expeditionary Learning - history and research
• Expeditionary Learning
• Expeditionary Learning Schools Outward Bound (ELS) (formerly ELOB: 'Expeditionary Learning Outward Bound')
• The Foxfire Approach to Teaching and Learning: John Dewey, Experiential Learning, and the Core Practices 
  by Bobby Ann Starnes, ERIC Digest (1999)
• From Outward Bound to Inward Bound’: the Prophetic Voices and Discursive Practices of Spiritual Management Development
  by Bell E. and Taylor S. in Human Relations, vol. 57, no. 4, (2004: 439-466)
• The great outdoors and management development: a framework for analysing the learning and transfer of management skills
  [abstract at ingentaconnect.com]
  by Veronica Burke, David Collins Managing Leisure (Routledge) Volume 3, Number 3 / July 1, (1998: 136-148)
• Keeping the Ship Afloat - Risk Management for Organizations
  by Preston Cline and Rick Curtis (2001), 29th Annual AEE International Conference.
• A Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Outcomes in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare.
  by Russell, K. C. (2002)
• Managing Outdoor Management Development [summary of paper at http://www.henleymc.ac.uk]
  by John Symons (1996)
• Multicultural Issues in Outdoor Education [copy then click]
  by Nina S. Roberts and Donald A. Rodriguez (1999) ERIC Digest
• Obesity: Research into the Effect of Participation in Outdoor Activities on Engendering Lasting Active Lifestyles
  Bertie Everard, Martin Hudson, Graham Lodge (2004) English Outdoor Council
• One of the Boys? doing gender in scouting (pdf, 1.25mb, 181 pages)
  Nielsen HB (2002) World Scout Organisation
• Outdoor Education and the Development of Civic Responsibility
  by Judith A. Boss (1999) ERIC Digest
• Outdoor Education and Environmental Responsibility [copy then click]
  by Rita Yerkes and Kathy Haras (1997) ERIC Digest
• Outdoor education & the development of self constructs
  (self-esteem, self-confidence, self-efficacy and self-concept)
  by James T. Neill, University of New Hampshire (2002).
• Outdoor Education and Troubled Youth
  Dene Berman and Jennifer Davis-Berman - ERIC digest
• Outdoor Education for Behaviour Disordered Students
  by Edward Lappin
• The Outdoors Against Drugs: An Evaluation of a Preventive Outdoor Education Programme in Birmingham
  by Dave Hardy and Duncan Martin (2004)
  
• Powerful Learning Experiences in Management Learning and Development [PhD Thesis, extracts]
  by Roger Greenaway (1995)
• The Problem of verbal reports in recreation research: review, recommendations and new directions
  by William T. Borrie and Joseph W. Roggenbuck
• Recommended Competencies for Outdoor Educators
  by Michelle Richardson and Deborah Simmons (1996) ERIC Digest
• Students Caring for Each Other: Community Building Focusing on the Student-Student Relationship
  Also see 'Community, caring and outdoor education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education. 5 (1): 4-18.' at http://www.outdoored.com
• Strategies for Improving Mountain Safety, Analysis of Scottish Mountain Incidents 1996/99
  by Dr. Bob Sharp. Summary and link to full report.
• Summary of Findings of a research project about the WAFFYS program (Wilderness Adventures For First-Year Students) at UNC’s Carolina Adventures Outdoor Education Center, Susan P. Cole (2003)
• Teaching Science in the Field [copy then click]
  by Carol Landis (1996) ERIC Digest
• Towards the Next Generation of Experiential Education Programmes: A Case Study of Outward Bound [pdf file: 1.17mb, PhD thesis]
  by Andrew Martin (2001) Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
• Wilderness Experience Programs for Personal Growth, Therapy, Education, and Leadership Development
  Wilderness Research Center (1994-2000) University of Idaho
  

A-Z of Journals about outdoor education research

• Applied Environmental Education and Communication is a scholarly, peer-reviewed quarterly for both academics and practitioners. It presents the latest environmental developments in the fields of education, communication, social marketing, journalism, and behavioral science, as well as information on sustainability education, environmental interpretation, risk communication, public relations and outreach, environmental health communication, governmental and corporate public awareness, and environmental campaigns around the world.


• AJOE: Australian Journal of Outdoor Education aims to meet the needs of a wide cross section of readers whether they be classroom teachers, academics or practitioners in the field.  The AJOE attempts to provide clear links between theory, research and practice. AJOE aims to enhance understanding of outdoor education and recreation issues in relation to their wider educational, recreational and social contexts and to examine present research with a view as to how it might be implemented for classroom teachers and practitioners as researchers.


• JAEOL: Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning is a peer-reviewed which aims to provide a central point for the publication and dissemination of research and scholarship on adventure and the 'outdoors' as media for learning as well as recreation. It aims to promote dialogue, research, thinking, teaching and practice from critical perspectives in the fields of adventure education and outdoor learning. It intends to publish papers concerned with social, cultural, political, ethical and environmental issues in the outdoor studies field. It is the official journal of the Institute for Outdoor Learning, published by Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group)
  Also see the JAEOL page at IOL


• JEE: Journal of Experiential Education is a peer-reviewed, scholarly journal presenting a diverse range of articles in subject areas such as outdoor adventure programming, service learning, environmental education, therapeutic applications, research and theory, the creative arts, and much more. JEE is published by the Association for Experiential Education.


• NZJOE: New Zealand Journal of Outdoor Education  is soliciting scholarly articles for publication following blind peer review. The purpose of NZJOE is to publish original refereed contributions on all aspects of outdoor education, broadly defined, with a New Zealand context or focus. We are particularly interested in articles that apply academic insights to practice.  The journal will facilitate the interchange of ideas and information and contribute to the development of a New Zealand perspective on moving and learning in the outdoors. Free copy of inaugural issue of NZJOE, Dec. 2002 (pdf 535kb) with articles on A Narrative Approach to the New Zealand Landscape; Social Integration Through Integrated Adventure Programming; Outdoor Education and the Reinforcement of Heterosexuality; The Value of Ecotourism: An Ecological Perspective; Transfer and Corporate Adventure Training – Effective or Affective?; Outdoor Education for People with Disabilities in Aotearoa, New Zealand; Who has the Right to Recreate? User Conflict in the Outdoors
  


• Research Connections published by the Institute for Outdoor Leadership & Education: A Resource for Academics and Practitioners in the fields of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership (Indiana University)


• See: http://www.wilderdom.com/journals.htm for more journals


• Please let Roger know (email: roger@reviewing.co.uk ) of other such journals, or online journals, or journals in other fields that publish articles about outdoor education.
  

People with expertise in outdoor education research

• The UK-based Outdoor Research Discussion List ('outres') has members from around the world. It is a good place to find people who share your research interests, and to get news of the UK outdoor research forum meetings and of relevant international conferences.
• James Neill has created a very useful people page at the Outdoor Research and Evaluation Center. Take a look and recommend additions!
• If you want to tell the world about an outdoor research article that you have found, written, or published, the above links will help you get that research on the map. You may want to announce this on other outdoor discussion lists (or get a friend to do this if you are shy). Be sure to contact Rick Curtis at Outdoored.com and James Neill at the Outdoor Education Research & Evaluation Center as well as telling the publisher of this page: roger@reviewing.co.uk

Books and reviews about outdoor education and research

• Experiential Education
• Experiential Learning
• Outdoor Education
• Outdoor Training
• The transfer and evaluation of learning
• Research Methodology

Search Results from Google Scholar TM (Beta)

• Adventure Education
• Adventure Therapy
• Adventure Training
• Character Education
• Environmental Education
• Experiential Education
• Experiential Learning
• Outdoor Development
• Outdoor Education
• Outdoor Facilitation
• Outdoor Learning
• Personal Hardiness
• Personal Resilience
• Personal and Social Development
• Self-Esteem
• Wilderness Education
• Wilderness Therapy
• Outdoor Learning Annotated Bibliography
  

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